Interpretations of the Obligation and Practices of Zakat al-Mal Distribution: A Phenomenological Study of the Community in Suban Village, South Lampung

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to uncover the understanding of the obligation of zakat mal and the practices surrounding its distribution amongst the community of Suban Village, Merbau Mataram Sub-district, South Lampung. This study stems from the disparity between the understanding of zakat mal as a religious obligation and its practical implementation. Methodology: The study employs a qualitative approach using the phenomenological method. There were 16 informants, comprising 13 zakat payers and 3 religious leaders. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation and documentation, then analyzed leading to the drawing of conclusions. Findings: The research findings indicate that zakat mal is perceived by the community as both a religious obligation and an expression of social concern. However, understanding of the nisab, haul, calculation and distribution mechanisms remain varied. The practice of distributing zakat directly to mustahik is favoured due to social proximity, trust and knowledge of the recipients’ circumstances. These findings indicate that the practice of zakat mal is influenced not only by normative religious understanding but also by life experiences, social relationships and the community’s subjective considerations. The Theory of Planned Behaviour was utilised as a supporting framework to understand the role of attitudes, subjective norms and perceptions of behavioural control in the practice of zakat payment. This study contributes to the field of Islamic philanthropy by demonstrating that the interpretation of the obligation to pay zakat and the choice of distribution channels constitute a social process linked to subjective experiences and community beliefs.